Virtual Mobility Domains - A Mobility Architecture for the Future Internet

The advances in hardware and wireless technologies have made mobile communication devices affordable by a vast user community. With the advent of rich multimedia and social networking content, an influx of myriads of applications, and Internet supported services, there is an increasing user demand for the Internet connectivity anywhere and anytime. Mobility management is thus a crucial requirement for the Internet today. This work targets novel mobility management techniques, designed to work with the Floating Cloud Tiered (FCT) internetworking model, proposed for a future Internet. We derive the FCT internetworking model from the tiered structure existing among Internet Service Provider (ISP) networks, to define their business and peering relationships. In our novel mobility management scheme, we define Virtual Mobility Domains (VMDs) of various scopes, that can support both intra and inter-domain roaming using a single address for a mobile node. The scheme is network based and hence imposes no operational load on the mobile node. This scheme is the first of its kind, by leveraging the tiered structure and its hierarchical properties, the collaborative network-based mobility management mechanism, and the inheritance information in the tiered addresses to route packets. The contributions of this PhD thesis can be summarized as follows: · We contribute to the literature with a comprehensive analysis of the future Internet architectures and mobility protocols over the period of 2002-2012, in light of their identity and handoff management schemes. We present a qualitative evaluation of current and future schemes on a unified platform. · We design and implement a novel user-centric future Internet mobility architecture called Virtual Mobility Domain. VMD proposes a seamless, network-based, unique collaborative mobility management within/across ASes and ISPs in the FCT Internetworking model. The analytical and simulation-based handoff performance analysis of the VMD architecture in comparison with the IPv6-based mobility protocols presents the considerable performance improvements achieved by the VMD architecture. · We present a novel and user-centric handoff cost framework to analyze handoff performance of different mobility schemes. The framework helps to examine the impacts of registration costs, signaling overhead, and data loss for Internet connected mobile users employing a unified cost metric. We analyze the effect of each parameter in the handoff cost framework on the handoff cost components. We also compare the handoff performance of IPv6-based mobility protocols to the VMD. · We present a handoff cost optimization problem and analysis of its characteristics. We consider a mobility user as the primary focus of our study. We then identify the suitable mathematical methods that can be leveraged to solve the problem. We model the handoff cost problem in an optimization tool. We also conduct a mobility study - best of our knowledge, first of its kind - on providing a guide for finding the number of handoffs in a typical VMD for any given user\u27s mobility model. Plugging the output of mobility study, we then conduct a numerical analysis to find out optimum VMD for a given user mobility model and check if the theoretical inferences are in agreement with the output of the optimization tool

Učinak dobi na probir raka vrata maternice kod žena u dobi od 20-29 godina

No definite consensus exists currently regarding the appropriate age at which to start cervical cancer screening. We analyzed the effectiveness of age in abnormal histology outcomes in women aged 20-29. Data on women aged 20-29 having undergone opportunistic cervical cancer screening with cytology during the 2014-2019 period were retrospectively reviewed. Based on cytology outcomes, human papillomavirus test results (if present), age and clinical decision, patients underwent either colposcopy or observation. The effects of age and other epidemiologic factors on histologic diagnoses of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN ) or cancer [CIN (+)] were analyzed in univariate and binomial logistic regression analyses. Among 1649 women, CIN (+) lesions were observed in 61 (3.7%) women. The occurrence of CIN (+) lesions increased 1.149 times each year; thus, women aged 25-29 were more likely to have CIN (+) than those aged 20-24 (4.4% vs. 2.1%; p=0.019). A significant determinant of CIN (+) was the increase in age, i.e. women aged 20-29. Accordingly, considering age is crucial for the diagnosis of CIN (+) in cancer screening.Zasad ne postoji konsenzus oko odgovarajuće dobi u kojoj treba započeti probir raka grlića maternice. Analizirali smo učinak dobi na nenormalne histološke ishode kod žena u dobi od 20-29 godina. Retrospektivno su pregledani podaci žena u dobi od 20 do 29 godina kod kojih je probir oportunističkog raka grlića maternice s citologijom izvršen u razdoblju od 2014. do 2019. godine. Na temelju rezultata citologije, rezultata ispitivanja humanog papilomavirusa, dobi i kliničke odluke bolesnice se podvrgavaju kolposkopiji ili promatranju. Učinci dobi i drugih epidemioloških čimbenika na histološke dijagnoze cervikalne intraepitelijske neoplazije (CIN ) ili karcinoma [CIN (+)] analizirani su univarijatnom i binomialnom logističkom regresijskom analizom. Između 1649 žena CIN (+) lezije zabilježene su kod 61 (3,7%) žene. Pojava CIN (+) lezija povećavala se 1149 puta svake godine; stoga je vjerojatnije da su žene u dobi od 25 do 29 godina imale CIN (+) nego one u dobi od 20-24 godine (4,4% prema 2,1%; p=0,019). Značajna odrednica CIN (+) bilo je povećanje dobi, tj. kod žena od 20-29 godina. Uzimanje dobi u obzir presudno je u dijagnozi CIN (+) u probiru raka

EFFECTS OF PH ON AGGLOMERATION STATE OF Al2O3 – ZrO2 (ZTA) NANOCOMPOSITE POWDERS SYNTHESIZED BY TARTARIC GEL METHOD

Alumina – 20 vol% zirconia (ZTA) nanocomposites were synthesized by the tartaric acid sol-gel method. The precursors gelled from solutions at different pH were prepared and then calcined from 1000 to 1500°C. Surface area measurement (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the synthesized powders. Control of agglomeration state was carried out by changing the pH of the solution. Weakly agglomerated powders were obtained at pH=6, whereas the solution at pH=1 revealed hard agglomerated powders, (agglomeration degrees, N, were found to be 16425 at pH=1 and 102 at pH=6, respectively). The pH dependence of agglomeration was explained by the dissociation behavior of tartaric acid at various pH environments. XRD results showed that the powders have been fully tetragonal phase at 1000°C, while they exhibited tetragonal zirconia with minor monoclinic phase as well as a-Al2O3 at 1500°C. The presence of a-Al2O3 in the nanocrystalline composite contributes the wide range of temperature stability for t-ZrO2 up to 1500°C. TEM micrograph confirmed that alumina and zirconia were dispersed homogenously. Mechanical properties (hardness and indentation fracture toughness) of sintered samples were also determined

Some observations on gištúg in hittite texts

Hitit ülkesinde ağaçlara büyük bir önem verilmiştir. Ağaçlardan elde edilen ürünlerin yanı sıra, çeşitli ilaçların yapımında da ağaç yapraklarından faydalanılmıştır. Şüphesiz bu nedenlerden dolayı, ağaç konusu kanun maddelerinde de yer almış ve herhangi bir ağaca zarar verilmesi veya onun sökülmesi durumunda, zarara yol açan kişi cezalandırılmıştır. Hititlerde ağaçların manevi önemleri de vardır. Özellikle ritüel ve bayram metinlerinde bu durum karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hitit belgelerinde birçok ağaç türü bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birisi, GIŠTÚG olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Hitit metinlerinde geçen Sümerce GIŠTÚG sözcüğü, şimşir ağacı anlamındadır. Ritüel, bayram, kült, envanter gibi farklı türden metinlerde belgelenmiştir. Ritüel esnasında kralın ritüeli gerçekleştirdiği yer, şimşir ağaçlarının bulunduğu orman olmakla birlikte; şimşir ağacından elde edilen birçok farklı nesne bulunmaktadır. Bu nesnelerden bazıları ritüellerde kullanılmakta ve manevi bir değer taşımaktadır.Trees were given great importance in the Hittite realm. In addition to products obtained from trees, tree leaves were also used in the production of various medicines. Undoubtedly, for these reasons, the subject of trees is also included in the articles of law and in case of any tree being damaged or uprooted, the person who caused the damage is punished. Among the Hittites, trees also had spiritual significance. This is especially true in ritual and festival texts. There are many types of trees in Hittite documents. One of them is called GIŠTÚG. The Sumerian word GIŠTÚG in Hittite texts means boxwood. It is documented in different kinds of texts such as rituals, festivals, cults, inventories. During the ritual, the place where the king performed the ritual is the forest with boxwood trees; there are many different objects made from boxwood. Some of these objects are used in rituals and have a spiritual value

Forest in Hittite texts

Since the earliest times of history, fertile lands have had an important place for every society. This was also the case for the Hittites. Forested areas and the types of trees found in these areas are recorded in Hittite texts. The aim of this article is to analyses and evaluate the issue of forest in the Hittites through Hittite texts. In addition, the words that express the word forest and appear in the cuneiform documents were examined and how they were used in the texts was expressed. In the Hittites, forested areas with various trees were not only considered as a place of material benefits, but also as a sacred place. So much so that the Hittites performed many rituals in forested areas. It is also learnt from the texts that there were officials, bathing houses and some structures consecrated during the rituals in the forested areas. Some suggestions were also made to prevent the wrath and evil of the gods from visiting the forested areas. As various cities may have forests, sometimes forested areas were mentioned in the designation of a place, and sometimes it was stated that forests were located in an important part of the city. Forests, which were considered as a sacred place by the Hittites, were recorded in cuneiform documents in many different types of texts

Hitit metinlerinde lúapın.lá üzerine bir değerlendirme

İnsanoğlu avcılık ve toplayıcılık ile başladığı besin hayatına, Neolitik Dönem’den itibaren tarımı eklemiştir. Zaman içerisinde gelişen tarım, birçok toplumun temel geçim kaynağı olmuştur. Tarımsal faaliyetlerinde tecrübelenen toplumlar, besin üretimine dayalı bir ekonomik modelin ortaya çıkıp gelişmesinin önünü açmıştır. Bu yeni ekonomik model, yerleşik hayat kavramını toplumlara aşılayan temel unsur olmuştur. MÖ. 2. binyıl Anadolu’sunun büyük bir siyasi gücü olan Hitit Devleti, diğer toplumlar gibi tarıma büyük bir önem vermiştir. Hititçe metinlerde, ekip biçme işlemini gerçekleştiren çiftçiler, LÚAPIN.LÁ Sumerogramı ile anılmaktadır. Hitit topraklarının ekilip biçilmesini sağlayan çiftçilerin ilk görevleri, elde ettikleri ürünleri insanlardan önce ve tam zamanında tanrılara sunmaktır. Bu konuyla ilgili uyarılan ve aksi bir durumda cezalandırılacakları belirtilen çiftçiler, siyasi antlaşma metinlerinde diğer kaçak kimselerden farklı olarak “işi teslim etme” olgusu çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Belgelerde, tahıl ambarlarının sorumluları olarak da karşımıza çıkan çiftçilerin, ekip biçme ve ürünü teslim etme işlemleri esnasında yalan söylemesi durumunda cezalandırılacağını görmekteyiz. Tarımsal faaliyetlerinin yanında, kimi zaman hayvanların tedarik ve muhafaza edilmesi işlerini yerinegetiren çiftçiler, farklı görev ve fonksiyonları ile Hitit ekonomisinin en önemli bileşenlerinden biridir.The mankind, as of Neolithic Period, added agriculture to its food sources which had started with hunting and gathering. Agriculture having developed over time, became the main source of livelihood of many societies. The societies having an experience on agricultural activities opened the way to the emergence and development of an economic model based on food production. This new economic model happened to be the main factor instilling the concept of settled life into societies. The Hittite State, which was a great political power in the 2nd millennium BC Anatolia, attached great importance to agriculture like other societies of its time. In the Hittite texts, farmers who had carried out the plowing and plantation were mentioned as the LÚAPIN.LÁ in Sumerogram. The first duty of the farmers, who ensured the cultivation of Hittite lands, was to present their products to the gods on time before the other people. The farmers who were warned about this issue and who were to be punished otherwise, were evaluated within the framework of the phenomenon of "finishing the job", unlike other fugitives in the political treaty texts. In the documents, we see that the farmers who also appeared to be in charge of granaries would be punished if they lied during the cultivation and delivery of the product. The farmers are among the most vital elements of the Hittite economy with their various duties and functions which included husbandry and managing the livestock in addition to their agricultural activities. Besides their agricultural activities, the farmers who had sometimes carried out the deeds supplication and preservation of animals became one of the most important components of the Hittite economy with their different duties and function

Comparação da eficácia de tenoxicam administrado por via oral e intra‐articular a pacientes com osteoartrite de joelhos

ResumoJustificativa e objetivosTenoxicam é amplamente usado no tratamento da osteoartrite (OA) e o nosso objetivo foi comparar a eficácia de tenoxicam administrado por via oral (VO) e intra‐articular (IA) no tratamento da OA.MétodosEste estudo foi conduzido entre 2011 e 2012 por meio de análise retrospectiva e comparação dos resultados de 60 pacientes que foram clínica e radiologicamente diagnosticados com OA degenerativa de joelhos na Policlínica de Tratamento da Dor do Hospital Estadual de Bünyan. Os 60 pacientes incluídos no estudo foram alocados em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo (tenoxicam IA, n=30) incluiu resultados de pacientes submetidos à injeção nos joelhos por via IA de 20mg de tenoxicam uma vez por semana durante três semanas e o segundo grupo (tenoxicam VO, n=30) incluiu pacientes que receberam 20mg de tenoxicam por VO uma vez por dia durante três semanas. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente na fase basal pré‐tratamento e em uma semana, um mês e três meses pós‐tratamento, de acordo com os critérios especificados.Resultados e conclusõesDos 60 pacientes, 22 eram do sexo masculino e 38 do sexo feminino. Em ambos os grupos, melhorias significativas foram detectadas em todos os parâmetros da escala visual analógica, do índice Western Ontario and MacMaster (Womac – dor, atividade física e rigidez dos joelhos) e do índice de Lequesne nas avaliações feitas em uma semana, um mês e três meses e comparadas aos valores basais. Além disso, uma melhor adesão ao tratamento e tolerabilidade ao sistema gastrointestinal no grupo tenoxicam IA também foram observadas. A administração de tenoxicam IA pode ser considerada como um método opcional de tratamento em pacientes com OA de joelhos que não podem usar tenoxicam por VO, especialmente por causa dos efeitos colaterais sobre o sistema gastrintestinal, e naqueles com dificuldades de adaptação ao tratamento.AbstractBackground and objectivesTenoxicam is widely used in osteoarthritis treatment and we aimed to compare the effectivity of oral and intra‐articular administration of tenoxicam in osteoarthritis treatment.MethodsThis study was performed between 2011 and 2012 by retrospectively analyzing and comparing the findings of 60 patients who were clinically and radiologically diagnosed with knee degenerative osteoarthritis in Bünyan state hospital pain policlinic. 60 patients included in the study were divided into two groups. The first group (tenoxicam IA, n=30) included patient findings of those subjected to intra‐articular injection of 20mg tenoxicam to the knee once a week for three weeks and the second group (oral tenoxicam, n=30) included patients who were administered 20mg oral tenoxicam once a day for three weeks. All patients were clinically evaluated pre‐treatment and in the 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month post‐treatment according to specified criteria.Results and conclusions22 of 60 patients included in the study were male and 38 were female. In both groups significant improvements were detected in all of the observed parameters: visual analog scale, Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (pain, physical activity, knee stiffness) and Lequesne index scores and in the evaluations performed in 1st week, 1st month and 3rd month with respect to pre‐treatment values. Besides, a better compliance to treatment and gastrointestinal system tolerability in tenoxicam IA group was also observed. Intra‐articular tenoxicam administration could be thought as an alternative treatment method in patients with knee osteoarthritis who cannot use oral tenoxicam especially due to systemic gastrointestinal system side effects and those who have difficulties in adapting to treatment

The Role of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis

Since anticoagulation performed by affecting hematological parameters has serious complications such as bleeding, studies are also conducted to benefit from diets instead of prophylactic anticoagulants in order to reduce the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our aim is to review the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in the prophylaxis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), although the current studies have yet to be conclusive. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by the consumption of plant-based foods such as vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes and unprocessed cereals, and seafood such as fish. The consumption of meat and meat products is low in this diet. The consumption of dairy products is also low. Fruits, vegetables and juices in the Mediterranean diet contain a significant amount of flavonoids. In addition, olive oil, which is one of the basic elements of the Mediterranean diet, has antioxidant properties due to its essential polyphenolic compounds. It has been reported that the low consumption of vegetables contributes to the increase of VTE incidence in Thai society. On the contrary, a diet with plenty of herbal food, fish and a small amount of red meat (Mediterranean diet) has been reported to reduce the risk of VTE. We think that the Mediterranean diet, which is beneficial for our health, may also decrease the risk of DVT. However, medical therapy is required for the treatment of patients with DVT. Nutritional approaches, including the Mediterranean diet, should be considered as supplement

The effects of iron deficiency anemia on p wave duration and dispersion

OBJECTIVES: The association between P wave dispersion and iron deficiency anemia has not been documented in the literature. In this study, we evaluated P wave dispersion in patients with iron deficiency anemia and the possible relationships between P wave dispersion and other echocardiographic parameters. INTRODUCTION: The iron status of an individual may play an important role in cardiovascular health. Anemia is an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. P wave dispersion is a simple electrocardiographic marker that has a predictive value for the development of atrial fibrillation. Apart from cardiovascular diseases, several conditions, such as seasonal variation, alcohol intake and caffeine ingestion, have been demonstrated to affect P wave dispersion. METHODS: The study included 97 patients who had iron deficiency anemia and 50 healthy subjects. The cases were evaluated with a clinical examination and diagnostic tests that included 12-lead electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, patients with iron deficiency anemia showed significantly longer maximum P wave duration (Pmax) (91.1±18.0 vs. 85.8±6.7 msec, p=0.054), P wave dispersion (PWD) (48.1±7.7 vs. 40.9±5.6 msec,

Investigations of sample affect to scale findings in social researches

Tarama modeline göre yürütülen bu araştırmada sosyal bilimlerde sıklıkla kullanılan ölçek bulgularına örneklemin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla farklı araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş üç ayrı ölçek yükseköğretim kurumlarından mezun 226 kişiye uygulanarak bulgular karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizlerde ölçekler arası korelasyon değerlerinin yüksek, Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayılarının kabul edilebilir sınırlar içinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna karsın cinsiyet ve mezun olunan yükseköğretim kurumu açısından yapılan karşılaştırmalarda birbirinden oldukça farklı sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Bu bulgulara örneklemin etkisinin olup olmadığı araştırılmış, ölçek bulgularının örneklemden etkilendiği yönünde güçlü kanıtlara ulaşılamamıştır. Buna karsın tutum gibi zaman içinde değişebilen özelliklerin ölçülmesinde kullanılacak araçların veri toplama sürecinden önce yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerektiği görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak araştırmacılara ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında sadece açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile yetinmeyip doğrulayıcı faktör analizini de yapmaları önerilmektedir